Gasless UX, Real Constraints: A Production Checklist for Smart Accounts (2025 Edition)

A pragmatic, production-focused guide to shipping “gasless” UX with ERC‑4337 smart accounts and EIP‑7702‑upgraded EOAs after Pectra. Use this checklist to de‑risk launches, control costs, and pass compliance reviews—without compromising UX.

Who this is for

Product and engineering leaders at startups and enterprises evaluating blockchain UX
Wallet, fintech, gaming, and consumer apps aiming to remove gas from user flows
Teams migrating from EOAs to smart accounts—or planning hybrid 7702 + 4337 stacks

1) Make one big architectural decision early: 4337, 7702, or hybrid

The Pectra mainnet upgrade on May 7, 2025 added EIP‑7702, letting EOAs temporarily “act like” smart accounts by delegating execution to contract code during a transaction. This makes atomic, one‑click flows possible without leaving the standard transaction pool. But 7702 does not replace ERC‑4337’s alt‑mempool model, which still powers gas sponsorship, deposits/staking for paymasters, and the UserOperation lifecycle. Most production stacks now blend them. (blog.ethereum.org)

Practical guidance:

Default to ERC‑4337 for: gas sponsorship at scale (paymasters), programmable validation, deposits/stakes, and mature infra (bundlers, monitoring, analytics). (docs.erc4337.io)
Layer in 7702 for: atomic multi‑call UX in native tx pool, “no migration” EOA compatibility, and simpler batching where sponsorship isn’t required. EntryPoint v0.8+ natively recognizes 7702 authorizations, smoothing hybrid flows. (github.com)
Treat EIP‑3074 as history. It was initially eyed for Pectra but was superseded by 7702 and is not on mainnet. Don’t plan new designs around it. (coindesk.com)

Decision template:

If you need gas sponsorship or token‑denominated fees: 4337 account + paymaster.
If you only need batched UX and your users hold ETH: 7702 transaction with authorization.
If you need both: 7702 for atomic batching + 4337 for sponsorship/programmability.

2) Choose and lock EntryPoint version(s) and addresses

You must commit to EntryPoint versions during planning; compatibility ripples through accounts, paymasters, bundlers, and SDKs.

Known addresses (verify per chain before shipping):
- v0.6: 0x5FF1…d2789
- v0.7: 0x0000000071727De22E5E9d8BAf0edAc6f37da032
- v0.8: 0x4337084D9E255Ff0702461CF8895CE9E3b5Ff108
- v0.9: 0x433709009B8330FDa32311DF1C2AFA402eD8D009 Common providers currently support v0.6/v0.7 broadly; v0.8/v0.9 add 7702 and paymaster‑signature improvements. Plan upgrades, but ship on what your infra supports today. (github.com)
Dev notes:
- v0.7 introduced PackedUserOperation and removed on‑chain simulation helpers (bundlers now use off‑chain simulation with state overrides). v0.8 added native 7702 support; v0.9 added a parallel paymasterSignature so wallets and paymasters can sign concurrently to reduce latency. (github.com)
- userOpHash binds both chainId and EntryPoint, giving built‑in replay protection across chains and entrypoints. Don’t remove it in validation. (ercs.ethereum.org)

3) Treat the mempool and JSON‑RPC as first‑class product interfaces

Production 4337 stacks require standardized bundler APIs and paymaster discovery.

Bundler RPC: adopt ERC‑7769 methods (eg, eth_sendUserOperation, eth_getUserOperationReceipt) so you can swap providers or run your own bundler without rewriting clients. (ercs.ethereum.org)
Paymaster capability: use ERC‑7677 (built on EIP‑5792 capabilities) so your app can tell the wallet exactly which paymaster web service to use, with two standardized methods:
- pm_getPaymasterStubData (estimation)
- pm_getPaymasterData (final sponsorship fields) Many providers already expose 7677; confirm EntryPoint versions per method. (eips.ethereum.org)
Wallet batching: implement EIP‑5792 wallet_sendCalls so apps can request atomic multi‑call UX and pass a paymasterService capability URL. This is table‑stakes for “one‑click” flows post‑Pectra. (eips.ethereum.org)

Example: app‑side 5792 request with a 7677 paymaster

{
  "method": "wallet_sendCalls",
  "params": [{
    "chainId": "0x1",
    "from": "0xYourUser",
    "atomicRequired": true,
    "calls": [
      {"to": "0xToken", "data": "0x095ea7b3..."},
      {"to": "0xApp", "data": "0xdeadbeef..."}
    ],
    "capabilities": {
      "paymasterService": {
        "url": "https://paymaster.example.com"
      }
    }
  }]
}

This lets wallets fetch 7677 data from your paymaster without bespoke SDKs. (eips.ethereum.org)

4) Pass the new validation guardrails (ERC‑7562) in simulation

Bundlers enforce ERC‑7562 “validation scope rules” during simulation to protect the alt mempool from DoS. If you violate these rules, your UserOps will be dropped or your entities throttled.

Key constraints to design for:

Forbidden opcodes and nondeterminism during validation (eg, TIMESTAMP/BLOCKHASH).
No unbounded external calls or shared‑state dependencies unless the contract is staked and has reputation.
Local and network‑wide reputation with BAN/THROTTLE thresholds per entity (factory, paymaster, aggregator).
Run full validation twice (admission and pre‑inclusion); bundlers trace validateUserOp and apply rule classifiers. (ercs.ethereum.org)

Production action items:

Keep validation pure, bounded, and deterministic.
Stake and register “global” entities (factories, paymasters) that read/write shared state, then monitor inclusionRate.
Add automated CI tests that “replay sim” UserOps with different baseFee/block numbers to catch flakiness.

5) Pick a modular smart account standard and a module security model

Modularity is now standard. Two viable paths:

ERC‑7579 (minimal wallet‑centric module interfaces: validators, executors, hooks, fallback) with broad ecosystem momentum and reference implementations. It emphasizes runtime module installation and cross‑wallet interoperability. (eips.ethereum.org)
ERC‑6900 (plugin/graph‑style permissioning) where you want granular policy graphs. Use when you need deep permission trees; otherwise 7579 is lighter‑weight for most apps. (docs.erc4337.io)

Security checklist:

Use a module registry and attestations (ERC‑7484) to gate what can be installed. Store audit attestations onchain; verify before use. (erc7579.com)
For Safe‑based stacks, use the Safe4337 module or Safe7579 adapter to keep compatibility while gaining module interoperability. (docs.safe.global)

6) Plan your key strategy: ECDSA now, passkeys where supported

Passkeys (WebAuthn/P‑256) adoption depends on chain precompiles:

Many L2s shipped a P‑256 verifier under RIP/EIP‑7212; Ethereum mainnet direction moved to EIP‑7951 (successor to 7212) under discussion and scheduling. Validate per‑chain support before advertising “FaceID‑login” globally. (eip.info)
ENS community tracking indicates L1 inclusion scheduling for a P‑256 precompile (EIP‑7951). Treat this as roadmap, not a guarantee; don’t hard‑depend until deployed. (discuss.ens.domains)

Best‑practice rollout:

Default to secp256k1 ECDSA + ERC‑1271 in accounts.
Add passkeys as optional validators on chains supporting 7212/7951.
Offer session keys for delegated actions (time‑boxed, allow‑listed), using a session‑key module in 7579 stacks; this pattern is production‑ready across several wallets. (docs.erc4337.io)

7) Implement session keys and delegation (works with 4337 and 7702)

Session keys unlock “stay in app” UX and safe automation:

Scope by contract, function, value, and validity window; store policies onchain in a module.
For hybrid stacks, grant a 7702 tx one‑time permissions and fall back to a 4337 session for continued in‑app actions.
Use a standardized session‑key module (eg, Smart Session Manager) compatible with 7579 accounts, Safe via adapter, and popular SDKs. (rhinestone.dev)

8) Build your sponsorship layer around real paymaster constraints

Operational reality:

Paymasters must stake and keep deposits topped up on EntryPoint, or UserOps will fail at validation. Treat deposits like a production SRE budget with alerting. (docs.erc4337.io)
Standardize integrations on ERC‑7677 so wallets/apps don’t need vendor SDKs; many providers (Pimlico, Biconomy, Candide) expose pm_getPaymasterData and friends. (docs.pimlico.io)
With 4337 v0.9, the paymasterSignature field lets wallets and paymasters sign in parallel, reducing “loading spinners.” Adopt it where your stack supports v0.9. (github.com)

Policy tips that save money and fraud loss:

Cap per‑user daily sponsored gas and per‑UserOp gas.
Require onchain or oracle checks only in execution; keep validation cheap and deterministic to satisfy 7562.
Maintain deny‑lists and velocity rules off‑chain and encode enforcement via signatures/contexts in pm_getPaymasterData. (docs.erc4337.io)

Market data to set expectations:

Gasless usage surged through late‑2024, with most UserOps subsidized by paymasters; spending fluctuated sharply in early‑2025. Budget for variability; don’t promise “free gas forever.” (theblockbeats.info)

9) Monitoring, SLOs, and incident playbooks (you’ll need them)

For bundlers and apps:

Track ingress rate, validation pass/fail reasons, inclusion latency, bundle size, and refund accuracy. Alert on spikes in rejections and sim/exec deltas. (docs.erc4337.io)
Tie dashboards to 4337 events (UserOperationEvent), EntryPoint handleOps gas used, and per‑entity inclusionRate from your local reputation cache.
Maintain a runbook: low deposit alerts, throttled entity recovery (eg, stake top‑ups, cooling periods), and quick‑switch between bundlers via ERC‑7769 endpoints. (ercs.ethereum.org)

10) Compliance and geofencing: treat paymasters as regulated touchpoints

If you operate a paymaster web service or sponsor fees for others, expect the same controls as other crypto MSBs in the U.S. and similar regimes elsewhere:

OFAC expects sanctions screening, IP/geolocation controls, and lifetime‑of‑relationship monitoring. Block and report interactions with SDNs; maintain records and testing/auditing programs. (ofac.treasury.gov)
FinCEN treats custodial and transmitting functions as MSB activity; implement KYC, SAR/CTR reporting, and recordkeeping. Even if you’re non‑custodial, your sponsorship policies and off‑chain services may pull you into compliance scope. Engage counsel early. (fincen.gov)

Operationalize it:

Screen addresses and URLs at your 7677 endpoint; return “no‑sponsor” decisions without leaking sensitivity.
Persist decision metadata (reason codes) for SAR workflows.
Publish an Abuse/Legal contact and rate‑limit by IP, ASN, and wallet reputation.

11) Production checklist (copy/paste into your PRD)

Architecture

Pick: 4337, 7702, or hybrid; document when to use which.
Lock EntryPoint version(s) and addresses per chain; write a migration note (v0.7 → v0.8/0.9). (github.com)

Standards and APIs

Implement ERC‑7769 bundler RPCs in clients.
Support EIP‑5792 wallet_sendCalls; pass ERC‑7677 paymaster capability URL. (ercs.ethereum.org)

Validation and Reputation

Conform to ERC‑7562; keep validation pure/deterministic; stake global entities; monitor inclusionRate. (ercs.ethereum.org)

Accounts and Modules

Choose ERC‑7579 (or 6900) and require ERC‑7484 attestations for third‑party modules.
For Safe stacks, add Safe4337 or Safe7579 adapter. (docs.safe.global)

Keys and Auth

Baseline: ECDSA + ERC‑1271; optional passkeys where 7212/7951 exist; session keys for UX. (eip.info)

Paymasters

Integrate 7677; define sponsorship caps/eligibility; move fraud/risk checks off‑chain; keep validation cheap.
Monitor deposits/stakes and latency; adopt paymasterSignature (v0.9) when available. (github.com)

Monitoring/SRE

Ship dashboards for UserOp lifecycle, sim vs exec, handleOps gas, deposit levels; write incident playbooks. (docs.erc4337.io)

Compliance

Add sanctions/KYC workflows to the 7677 service; retain logs; publish ToS/abuse policy. (ofac.treasury.gov)

12) Two production‑ready patterns your team can copy

Pattern A: “One‑click, gasless buy”

UX: user taps “Buy,” sees one confirm.
Under the hood: wallet uses 5792 atomic + 7677 paymaster service; on 4337 v0.9, the wallet signs userOp while the paymaster signs in parallel via paymasterSignature to reduce time‑to‑submit; bundler submits; paymaster settles from its deposit. Works cross‑L2. (github.com)

Pattern B: “7702 batched + 4337 sponsored”

UX: user approves an in‑app session; first action uses 7702 for atomic swap+stake; follow‑ups (automation, rewards) use 4337 session keys with paymaster sponsorship.
Under the hood: EOA signs a 7702 authorization to a minimal account (Simple7702Account) for the first batch, then installs a 7579 session‑key module for ongoing tasks; policy caps enforced by paymaster. (github.com)

13) Risks and realities to budget for in 2025

Throughput and economics vary. Most UserOps are still included singly in bundles under typical loads; don’t over‑assume mega‑bundling until your mempool shows it. (alchemy.com)
Sponsorship spend is cyclical. Track daily/weekly variance; keep levers to pause policies by user cohort or chain during spikes. (panewslab.com)
Not all chains support passkeys natively. Ship graceful fallbacks and disclose support by chain to avoid user confusion. (eip.info)

14) What’s next to watch (affects your roadmap)

ERC‑4337 v0.8/v0.9 adoption across bundlers and wallets (7702 auth support, paymasterSignature).
Wider standardization of wallet capabilities (5792) and paymaster discovery (7677).
Maturation of ERC‑7579 module registries (7484), session‑key standards, and Safe adapters for full modular interoperability. (github.com)

Appendix: Reference links you’ll actually use

Pectra mainnet activation and 7702 overview. (blog.ethereum.org)
EntryPoint releases, addresses, and changes (v0.7/0.8/0.9). (github.com)
ERC‑7562 validation scope rules. (ercs.ethereum.org)
ERC‑7769 bundler JSON‑RPC. (ercs.ethereum.org)
ERC‑7677 paymaster capability + provider docs. (eips.ethereum.org)
EIP‑5792 Wallet Call API. (eips.ethereum.org)
ERC‑7579 modular accounts and 7484 registry extension. (eips.ethereum.org)
Passkeys: EIP‑7212, EIP‑7951 direction. (eip.info)
Safe + 4337/7579 adapters. (docs.safe.global)

If you want our team at 7Block Labs to review your design or run a 2‑week pilot on a target chain, we’ll stand up a 7677 paymaster, instrument SLOs, and give you a go/no‑go with cost and compliance impact quantified.

Description: A production checklist for “gasless” UX with smart accounts in 2025—how to combine ERC‑4337 and EIP‑7702, pick EntryPoint versions, standardize on 5792/7677, pass 7562 simulation, secure modules (7579/7484), add passkeys/sessions, and meet real compliance and SRE constraints.