blockchain protocol security audit: Scope, Methodology, and Deliverables Explained

A Practical Guide for Decision-Makers

Hey there! If you’re someone who makes decisions and is curious about what goes into a solid protocol-level audit, how it all works, and what kind of results you can look forward to from a pro in 2025, you’ve definitely come to the right spot. Let’s dive in! We've gathered some up-to-date security data for you and pointed out some of the new risks to keep an eye on, such as EIP-4844 blobs, PBS/MEV, restaking, and rollups. Plus, we've included some super useful checklists that you can dive into right away! Take a look at this link: chainalysis.com. It’s pretty interesting!

Why protocol‑level security deserves a board‑level conversation

So, by the time we hit the end of 2024, we're looking at roughly $2. Wow, can you believe that around $2 billion was stolen from crypto platforms? That’s a huge jump--up about 21% compared to the previous year! So, what's really going on here? Well, the main issue seems to be private key compromises, which make up an astonishing 43%! 8% of those losses. This trend really started picking up steam in 2025, already surpassing all of 2024's losses by the midway point of the year. (chainalysis.com). These days, it's not just those glitchy dApps that are leading to losses. There are definitely some big systemic risks hanging around at the protocol layer that we need to keep an eye on. Alright, let’s dive into some cool concepts! First off, we’ve got those data-availability blobs, you know, like EIP-4844. Then there are the trust issues bubbling up in the PBS and MEV supply chains. It’s a bit of a wild ride! Oh, and don’t forget about restaking and the whole slashability thing--definitely something to keep an eye on. We can’t overlook rollup faults and validity proofs; they really keep us on our toes. And of course, there’s the whole cross-chain IBC and bridge logic, which can be pretty complex. Lastly, let's chat about client diversity--it’s super important for the ecosystem. So much to think about, right? (ethereum.org).

When it comes to choosing the right audit, it’s important to go beyond just checking the contracts. You really want to take a closer look at the whole protocol stack and see how everything functions together. It’s all about getting a comprehensive view of the system!

What a blockchain protocol security audit actually covers (scope)

A solid scope really hits on a variety of topics, like coding, cryptography, economics, networking, and operations. It's all about rounding things out! At 7Block Labs, we really believe in tackling things from every angle. We cover all these areas:

1) Consensus, Finality, and Safety/Liveness

Alright, let’s dive right into validating safety properties! It's super important to double-check that there aren't any conflicting finalized checkpoints. You also want to ensure that your consensus can still hold up, even if there are some partitions happening. Hey, let’s take a look at how Gasper interacts with Casper-FFG and LMD-GHOST. It’s pretty interesting stuff! Hey, just a quick reminder to double-check those inactivity-leak parameters and slashing conditions. It's easy to overlook, but it's really important! If you’re looking for more info, you can check it out here. It’s got all the details you might need!

Next up, let's take a moment to look over the variety of clients we have. It's really important to understand their diversity. Just imagine how one tiny bug from a client or getting too caught up in the details can totally throw off everything. It’s pretty wild how that happens, right? I think it’s important to talk about a few recent incidents, like the one with Nethermind, as examples of stress cases. If you're curious to dive deeper into that topic, check out this article from CoinDesk. It's got some great insights on the bug in Ethereum's Nethermind software and how it's opening up a conversation about the risks of client diversity. You can find it here. Happy reading!

2) PBS/MEV Supply Chain (Builders, Relays, OFAs)

Alright, let’s dive in! First on the list is the MEV-Boost configuration.
This touches on a bunch of topics, including how relay trust works and what to expect from circuit-breaker behavior, as well as some backup options for building blocks locally. To dodge those annoying missed slots, make sure you're keeping an eye on relay monitoring. It's also a good idea to check out any risks that might come from malicious relays. Staying on top of this stuff can really save you a headache later on! If you're looking to explore more, feel free to take a peek at the details here.

Alright, so next up, let’s dive into centralization and how the whole private-order-flow scene can really shake things up in builder markets. Hey, it's really crucial to take a good look at order-flow auctions (OFAs) and think about the potential risks that can arise from having too many builders focused in one spot.
If you're looking for more info, you can check it out here. Happy reading!

3) Data Availability and EIP‑4844 Blobs

Blobs really help to reduce those rollup costs, but they do change some of the assumptions we have about data availability (DA). Hey, just a heads up--make sure to keep an eye on the blob fee market, check out the pruning horizon, and watch for any blob congestion. It's worth paying attention to! Just a heads up: Dencun (EIP-4844) officially launched on March 13, 2024, so make sure your audit focuses on those "blob-heavy" scenarios. It's definitely something to keep an eye on! (ethereum.org).

4) Beacon Root Access (EIP-4788)

Once your contracts begin utilizing beacon roots, make sure you take the time to test the ring-buffer semantics thoroughly. It’s really important! This buffer can hold around 8191 entries, which is roughly 27 hours of content at a regular listening speed. Just a heads up, though - it can actually shrink to about 8191 seconds whenever forks pop up or the intervals shift. Don’t forget to set up some backup options and notifications for any outdated roots! It’ll really help keep things running smoothly. Feel free to dive into more info on EIP-4788 right here!

5) L2 Rollups and Bridges

First up, take a moment to map your rollup to L2BEAT’s Stages. Hey there! So, if you're at “Stage 1,” just a quick reminder to keep those 7-day challenge windows in check for optimistic rollups and permissionless proving. You’ll want to make sure everything’s on point! It's really important to double-check the pathways for fraud and validity proofs, and make sure we've got all the exit routes sorted out. (l2beat.com). Make sure to take another look at the claims about “permissionless fault proofs,” particularly those related to the OP Stack. You should definitely take a look at the on-chain settings and see what the security council can do. It's pretty interesting stuff! (optimism.io). When you're diving into bridging and IBC risk, don't forget to run some tests for replay attacks, reentrancy, and rate-limiting. It’s super important to cover all your bases! Just a quick reminder: back in April 2024, Cosmos fixed a pretty significant IBC reentrancy bug. So, when you're looking at regression cases, don't forget to take that into account! (coindesk.com).

6) Restaking and Shared Security (e.g., EigenLayer)

Let's explore the idea of cascading slashing in AVSs and get creative with some programmable slashing logic when things get a bit tricky! Make sure to keep an eye on the production slashing that’s scheduled to kick off on April 17, 2025. And don’t forget to take a look at the operator configurations and conditions--they’re super important! If you want to dive deeper into this topic, feel free to check it out here.

7) P2P Networking and DoS Resistance

Alright, let’s jump into the world of libp2p and gossipsub! We’re gonna cover a bunch of interesting topics like how peer-scoring works, what we need to know about relays, and the nitty-gritty of NAT traversal. Plus, we’ll touch on telemetry for catching those pesky eclipse attacks and explore some strategies to boost our resilience against gossip floods. It’s going to be a fun ride! Take a look at it on GitHub! You won't want to miss it!

8) Cryptography and Trusted Setups

Just a heads up--it's really important to check how KZG is being used and to understand its dependence on trusted setup materials. Hey, just a quick reminder to double-check that you’re sending out the right c-kzg-4844 setup. And yes, it now supports EIP-7594! Make sure everything matches up with the specs and the test vectors. Thanks! If you're looking for more info, you can check it out here. Hey, make sure you jot down all the details about the KZG ceremony and the ideas that are driving it. It’s super important to keep track of that journey! Wow, it really had an impressive run! With a total of 141,416 contributions, it stretched over 208 days! If you're curious to learn more, definitely check it out on the Ethereum blog.

9) Key Management, Ops, and Supply-Chain Security

Hey, just a quick heads up! It’s really crucial to strengthen your validator keys, establish strong HSM policies, and make sure your relay/API secrets are kept under wraps. Oh, and don’t forget to stay on top of your SBOMs too. Trust me, it makes a world of difference! Lately, we've run into some bumps in the road with npm supply chains--like that whole Ledger Connect Kit mess--which really emphasizes how important it is to have solid CI/CD processes and to make sure we're pinning our packages correctly. If you want to dive deeper into this, just check it out here. It's got all the details you need!

10) Monitoring and Response

Let’s dive into on-chain monitors and how they connect with threat intel integrations, like Forta. We’ll also check out what's happening in the Defender/Monitor space right now and explore the growing trend towards open-source toolchains. It’s pretty fascinating to see how these tools are evolving! Take a look at this: docs.forta.network. It’s worth checking out!

Methodology that stands up to mainnet reality

A protocol audit isn’t just about doing a quick code scan. So, here's the workflow we recommend for systems that are aimed to be production-grade--and this is something we actually practice too.

Threat modeling and defining the boundaries. Make sure to keep track of all your assets and assumptions across different areas--think consensus, data availability (DA), bridging, miner extractable value (MEV), and governance. It's kinda like keeping a detailed checklist for everything you’ve got going on!

Make sure our programmatic controls line up with the NIST SSDF version 1.

Don’t forget to keep in mind the importance of CI/CD hardening and what’s expected with SBOM! Check it out here.

Getting Familiar with the Codebase, Reproducing Builds, and Creating the SBOM. Alright, let’s make sure we can recreate those steady builds! We’ll whip up some Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) and be sure to lock in the compilers we’re using--like Solidity, Vyper, Rust, and Go. Don’t forget to also note the c-kzg-4844 versions and the client versions too. We got this! Take a look at it on GitHub! You won't want to miss this!

3) Static and Diff-Assisted Analysis

Hey, if you're looking to do some solid static analysis on your Solidity code and want to make sure everything’s set for upgrades, definitely give Slither a try! It's a pretty handy tool! You can totally whip up your own custom detectors for those specific protocol patterns that matter to you, like governance timelocks or safety nets for proxies. Check this out: (github.com).

4) Property/Invariant Specification

Now's the moment to turn those economic and safety needs into properties that machines can verify. Here’s a simple way to tackle it:
For Contracts: Dive into Certora’s CVL invariants and rules! They offer a mix of strong and weak semantics, so you can choose what works best for you. No worries, they've got everything you need right here! Check it out at docs.certora.com.
When it comes to EVM Behavior: Check out the KEVM specs and proofs, especially the important parts that really matter. It’s super helpful! (github.com).
For Fuzzing: Make sure to check out the Foundry invariant campaigns! They're a great way to run specific selectors and even set time limits for your tests. Don't let that opportunity pass you by! It’s a fantastic way to boost the effectiveness of your testing! (learnblockchain.cn).

5) Dynamic Testing and Adversarial Simulation

Sure thing! Let’s dive into invariant fuzzing with Foundry and Echidna, especially when we’re working with forked mainnet states. It’s a pretty interesting topic! We're also getting into some differential testing across various client setups, and we're putting our relays to the test with chaos tests. Basically, we're trying to see how they manage outages and peer-to-peer (P2P) churn. It's all about figuring out how well they hold up under pressure! Feel free to dive into the details over on GitHub! For our MEV/PBS drills, we're diving into some scenarios where relays could go off the rails or even be completely offline. It's all about preparing for the unexpected! This really helps us double-check how well our circuit-breaker recovery works for building blocks locally. If you're curious to dive deeper, check out the details over at Flashbots. You’ll find some great info there!

6) Cryptography and DA Validation

Hey, could you take a moment to double-check those blob proofs and KZG bindings? Let’s make sure we've got the batch verification paths and performance envelopes all sorted out. Thanks! If you want to get into the nitty-gritty, feel free to check it out here. Happy exploring!

Let’s see how those proto-danksharding fee markets and pruning horizons hold up when we dive into those blob storms. If you want to dive deeper into this, take a look at the article here. It's definitely worth a read!

7) Rollup and Bridge Correctness

Alright, here’s the deal: we really need to dive into the fault and validity proof pipelines. Let’s also stay on top of the challenge-window enforcement and come up with a solid plan for what happens if the sequencer goes down. Plus, it’s super important that the accounting for minting and burning on the canonical bridge is rock solid. How about we take a moment to double-check everything with the L2BEAT stage definitions? Take a look at this: l2beat.com. You might find it interesting!

Restaking: Slashability and Contagion.

When we're talking about restaking, it’s super important to consider two key points: slashability and contagion. Slashability refers to the risk of being penalized for misbehavior in the network, which can be a real concern for stakers. On the other hand, contagion is all about how problems in one area can spread and affect other parts of the network or even different platforms. So, if you’re thinking about getting into restaking, these are definitely things you'll want to keep on your radar!

Let’s run some tests on all the slashing predicates for the AVS adapters. We need to ensure there’s no accidental slashing spillover between protocols. (coindesk.com).

Operational Security Review

Make sure to take a look at the relay allowlists, key ceremonies, and the package registries. Hey, just a quick reminder to make sure you run those regression tests for any supply chain attack vectors we’ve got on our radar, like npm session theft and typosquats. It’s super important to catch any potential issues early on! If you want to dive deeper into this, you can check out more details here.

Monitoring/Telemetry Blueprint

Get your Forta bots ready and set up some rules and monitors to keep an eye on those ships. You can also use an open-source monitor to help out with that. Hey, don't forget to set up a "pause or kill-switch" plan, and make sure to whip up some runbooks for crisis communication, too. It's super important to have those in place! Hey, if you want to dive into the details, just head over to this link: (docs.forta.network). You'll find all the info you need!

Concrete examples of what we test (and why they matter)

Making Sure EIP-4788's Ring Buffer Works Right.
Here’s the deal: when you ask for a specific timestamp, we want you to get the correct beacon root without any hiccups. And if you try querying a zero timestamp, it’s just going to revert back--no surprises there! On top of that, the storage is managed by a ring buffer that’s just the right size - 8191.
Why it’s important: When apps depend on validator or finality proofs, they can run into some sneaky issues if their roots get outdated, especially during those tricky hard-fork times. It’s like having a glitch in the system that creeps up on you out of nowhere! To handle this, we've added some stale-root alerts and set up dependable fallback logic. (eips.ethereum.org).
PBS/MEV Liveness Drills
What to Expect: If all the relays stop working or start acting weird, the circuit breaker is supposed to step in. This means the node will automatically switch back to producing blocks locally, and you won’t have to worry about missing any slots.
Why it matters: Some validators have run into issues with missed-slot losses because of problems with the relay. Make sure your setup shows it can handle black-box tests really well. It’s all about proving that it's tough and reliable! If you're curious, you can find all the details here. Happy reading!
Let's go ahead and do the "Stage 1" rollup checks. Here's what you can look forward to: participation that's safe from fraud should be accessible to all. You’ll have at least a week to take part in the challenge. Plus, the security council's emergency powers are kept in check, so they’ll still get the audits they require without overstepping. So here's the deal: a bunch of teams are going for Stage 1, and we've got to ensure everything matches up with the latest L2BEAT criteria and what’s happening on-chain. Hey, take a look at this: (forum.l2beat.com). It's worth a read!
Restaking Slashing Matrix
What we really need are clear and simple conditions that we can easily test for every AVS. Also, the simulations need to demonstrate that if there's a single AVS fault, it won’t accidentally cause slashing issues in other areas. So, here’s the deal: when the slashing rollout kicks in on April 17, 2025, it’s going to change the game a bit. Operators are going to need to take a fresh look at their risk models and double-check those assumptions they made before. It's important to stay on top of this stuff! (coindesk.com).
Cross‑chain IBC Regression
So, basically, we're hoping that when we put together the middleware, we won't run into any reentrancy or infinite-mint problems. Fingers crossed that the rate-limiters will do their job without any hiccups! So, here’s the deal: the reentrancy bug in ibc-go that popped up back in April 2024 is actually a great example to use when testing Cosmos-style stacks. It's become a bit of a go-to case for regression testing! (coindesk.com).
Client diversity scenarios
What we hope for: If one client messes up, it shouldn't throw a wrench in finality or cause a bunch of attestations to slip through the cracks.
Why: We've noticed that client bugs can really impact a lot of validators. By using different clients, we can reduce that risk and keep things running more smoothly. (coindesk.com).

Deliverables you should demand from an audit

Alright, here's the executive summary laid out in simple terms. I've included a risk register that highlights the most pressing issues and outlines when we need to tackle them. So, we've created this threat model that really digs into the trust assumptions we have and maps out our dependencies. It's got everything covered, from consensus to PBS/MEV, data availability, proofs, bridges, and keys. We've gathered some solid evidence for our proof-of-concepts (PoCs) that you can rely on, as well as details about how things play out on-chain. Plus, we've rated the severity based on how each issue impacts the protocol, taking into account safety, liveness, and the funds that could be at risk. Hey there! Just wanted to share what we've got going on for the property suite. We've got some machine-checked invariants thanks to tools like Certora CVL and KEVM. Plus, we've set up an invariant-fuzz test harness using Foundry and Echidna. Everything's all ready and checked into your repository, so you can take a look whenever you're ready! (docs.certora.com). Hey there! If you're looking to tighten up your setup, don’t miss our configuration hardening guide. It’s packed with info on PBS relay lists and how to fine-tune your circuit breakers. Plus, we cover monitoring thresholds for blobs/DA, tips on keeping an eye on beacon-root staleness alarms, and all the details you need for pausing rollup bridges. Give it a look! (docs.flashbots.net). Hey, make sure you check out the SBOM and supply-chain report! It’s got all the details you need, like the compilers we used, the client versions, the c-kzg-4844 library version, and how we're handling npm, Crates.io, and Git submodules. You won’t want to overlook this one! (github.com). We're also adding in some remediation validation, which means we'll do a diff review, run patch tests, and put together a retest report that outlines pass or fail results for each finding. Hey everyone! We’ve put together some handy runbooks for incident response and continuous monitoring tools like Forta and Monitor. These include all the alert routes and auto-response options that make sense. We think this will really help streamline things! (docs.forta.network).

Emerging best practices we now consider “table stakes” (2025)

Make sure to link protocol security straight to your business metrics. Make sure to watch out for things like “time-to-finality under fault,” “relay outage MTTR,” “proof pipeline MTTR,” and “blob congestion SLOs.” These metrics are super important! ”.

For Ethereum L2s
Hey team, let's aim for a challenge window of at least a week. This way, anyone can raise disputes for Stage-1 optimistic rollups. Plus, it's a good idea to keep track of those escape hatches and check in on them regularly.
(forum.l2beat.com).
For PBS/MEV
Stick with a few trusted relays, flip on those circuit breakers, and stay alert to the builder concentration and OFA results. This will help you catch any hints of centralization drift early on. Getting ready for Stage-3 (the enshrined PBS) is definitely a smart move if you want to reduce the reliance on relay trust. (docs.flashbots.net).
For EIP‑4844 users
Hey, just a quick reminder to keep an eye on those stress test blob loads. Don’t forget to watch for any fee spikes too! Also, make sure we have the batch verifiers ready for those KZG proofs. And, let’s not overlook checking that all the library updates are lined up to support EIP-7594. Thanks! (coindesk.com).
For beacon-root consumers
Hey there! So, when you're dealing with EIP-4788, think of that 8191-slot buffer as something you can tweak. It's a good idea to set up alerts for any stale roots that pop up. Also, it wouldn't hurt to have a game plan ready for switching between different proof sources, especially when those hard-fork windows hit. Just a little proactive thinking can go a long way! (chainsecurity.com).
For restaking
Always have a reliable "kill switch" ready for those Automated Vehicle Systems (AVSs) and make sure to show in your tests that if an operator decides to go off the rails, it won’t trigger any of those annoying unintended chain reactions. (coindesk.com).
For Cosmos/IBC
Hey, just a quick reminder to keep that rate-limiting middleware and reentrancy protections activated. It’s important to have those safeguards in place! Oh, and make sure to run a regression test for that annoying infinite-mint bug from April 2024. Can't let that one slip through the cracks! (coindesk.com).

Sure! Here’s a more casual version:

When it comes to operations and supply chain stuff. Don’t forget to enable SSO and make sure you're using hardware-backed MFA for your registries. It’s super important for keeping everything secure! Hey, just a quick reminder: if you ever run into any CI issues, make sure to rotate your npm tokens. It's also super important to lock down your dependencies. And don’t skip those ongoing scans for any sketchy packages! Better safe than sorry, right? Kick things off with the NIST SSDF as your foundation. (csrc.nist.gov).
Just to keep tabs on everything. Whenever possible, try to use self-hosted open-source monitors, and don't forget to sign up for Forta's threat feeds. They can really help keep you informed! Don't forget to set up those automated playbooks for pausing or upgrading! It's a great way to keep everything running smoothly without having to think too much about it. Take a look at this: (github.com). You might find some cool stuff there!

Brief, in‑depth notes on a few high‑impact areas

The way failure modes have changed since Dencun. EIP-4844 has succeeded in cutting down Layer 2 data availability (DA) costs, which is pretty great news! But it also introduced a blob fee market and established an 18-day DA horizon. So, there’s definitely a bit more to think about now! We often run simulations to understand blob storms and fee spikes better. After that, we take a look at how people are behaving during rollovers and keep an eye on the alert thresholds. (ethereum.org).
Why EIP‑4788 Could Be Misused. Many teams seem to think they can rely on having “about a day” of beacon roots. In reality, that 8191-entry ring buffer actually holds about 27 hours of data during regular use. So, if those intervals get squeezed during a network upgrade, we're only looking at 8191 seconds! We really put your code to the test in both situations to ensure it can manage stale roots like a champ. (chainsecurity.com).
The risk of MEV is definitely going up. The relay and builder market is kind of like a live auction, right? But it's hitting some pretty big roadblocks lately due to centralization issues, mainly because of all that private order flow. We're diving into the builder market shares to see how they stack up against each other. Plus, we’re putting some honest relays to the test in tricky "malicious bid" scenarios. This lets us know that your circuit breakers and backup plans are working effectively. (docs.flashbots.net).
Rollups: Let’s talk claims versus configurations. You might come across the term "Stage 1" being tossed around in marketing conversations. Let’s dive in and double-check a few things: first off, permissionless proofs are definitely in play. The challenge window? That’s set at a minimum of 7 days. Plus, we’ve got the emergency powers all clearly outlined. Oh, and we've also conducted some exit tests to make sure everything runs smoothly. Great news! The OP Stack just launched permissionless fault proofs. We've also taken a close look and confirmed that the governance powers and grace periods match up with L2BEAT's Stage-1 criteria. (optimism.io).

A compact pre‑audit checklist you can run this week

Make sure to set a specific commit hash and lock in those dependency versions, like c-kzg-4844 and the clients you're using. Take a look at this link: (github.com). You won't want to miss it!
Put together a Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) and link up the key binaries with the folks who own them. Hey team! Can we put together a list of all the relays we’ve got, along with how their circuit-breakers are set up? Also, let’s plan a relay-outage drill on game day to give them a good test run! More info here: (docs.flashbots.net). Hey there! If you're working with beacon roots, it’s a good idea to set up a “stale root” alert. Plus, don't forget to include an alternate proof path just in case. It'll save you some headaches down the line! Learn more at: (chainsecurity.com).
When it comes to rollups, make sure to jot down the challenge windows and proof permissions. It’s really important to check that they match what’s expected at the L2BEAT Stage. Details here: (l2beat.com). Alright, here’s the plan: Let’s kick off an invariant-fuzz campaign for around 24 to 48 hours on the forked mainnet state. During that time, we’ll keep an eye out for any counterexamples that pop up and sort through them as they come in. Sound good? Take a look at this link: learnblockchain.cn. It's worth checking out! Make sure to check your npm/org registry MFA, switch up your tokens, and keep an eye out for any shady packages. Also, it’s a good idea to do a practice run of your CI supply-chain incident response just to be on the safe side. More here: (ledger.com). Alright, so make sure you get those monitors in place - you can use something like Forta or even go for a self-hosted Monitor. You'll want to keep an eye on all the important stuff: governance decisions, pauses, minting and burning activities, and cross-chain happenings. Just a heads up, staying on top of these events is key! Get started here: (docs.forta.network).

What 7Block Labs delivers

Let’s focus on a scope that really dives into how protocols hit some bumps in the road in 2025, instead of just sticking to a simple “contract-only” view.

You can create reproducible proofs of concept (PoCs) and machine-checkable properties that you can run continuously in your CI (Continuous Integration) process.
You’ve got to have a rock-solid hardening plan that connects how the protocols work with what’s actually going on in the real world. So, picture things like PBS fallback, alerts for blob data availability, keeping an eye on beacon-root staleness, and making sure proof pipelines are secure. Oh, and don’t forget about those supply-chain locks!

Hey there! If you're curious about checking out a sample report set (all anonymized, of course) or if you want to chat about how we could kick off a pilot project for your chain, just drop me a line! I'd love to hear from you. I'm totally open to tweaking the details so they fit perfectly with your launch, migration, or upgrade timeline! Just let me know what you need.

Sources

Hey, don’t miss the Chainalysis 2025 Crypto Crime Report! It’s got some really interesting insights, including the latest updates, a detailed look at stolen funds from 2024, and some mid-year trends that are shaping up for 2025. Definitely worth a read if you’re into crypto! You can check it out here. Enjoy! Hey everyone! The Ethereum Dencun/EIP-4844 activation has finally arrived, and I’ve got some useful info on blobs to share with you. If you want to get into the nitty-gritty, check it out here. Hey there! If you're curious about the Flashbots MEV-Boost relay and want to get the scoop on its risks, circuit breakers, and what the future holds for enshrined PBS, check out this overview. It’s got all the info you need! Hey there! Just wanted to let you know that the L2BEAT Stages framework got a fresh update. They’ve added a new Stage-1 challenge window, plus some cool OP Stack permissionless fault proofs. Exciting stuff! If you’re looking for more details, just check this out here. You’ll find a lot of useful info! Hey, make sure to take a look at the EIP-4788 specification. It’s got some good stuff in there! Also, don’t miss ChainSecurity’s audit notes; they dive into the 8191 prime ring buffer and some interesting tidbits about stale roots. You’ll find it pretty informative! Get the details here. Hey there! Just wanted to give you a heads-up that on April 17, 2025, EigenLayer is launching a new slashing feature. Pretty cool, right? If you’re curious to learn more, just check it out here. It’s all laid out for you! Back in April 2024, a major issue was discovered--a Cosmos IBC reentrancy infinite-mint vulnerability. Thankfully, it was patched up pretty quickly! If you're curious to learn more about this issue, you can check out the article here. It's got some interesting insights! Hey, I wanted to share some intriguing details about the client diversity incident. If you're curious, you can dive into the full story here. It’s definitely worth a read!

Finally, make sure to take a look at the cool new trend in open-source monitoring. You can dive into the details of the OpenZeppelin Monitor and the Forta Network by clicking here. It’s pretty exciting stuff!